![]() ![]() The DPAPI uses a key that is derived from the Windows credentials of the SQL Server service account and the computer's credentials. The SMK is encrypted by using the local machine key using the Windows Data Protection API (DPAPI). The SMK is automatically generated the first time the SQL Server instance is started and is used to encrypt a linked server password, credentials, and the database master key in each database. The Service Master Key is the root of the SQL Server encryption hierarchy. SQL Server has two primary applications for keys: a service master key (SMK) generated on and for a SQL Server instance, and a database master key (DMK) used for a database. Applications for SQL Server and Database Keys A public and private key pair is created for each SQL Server instance that stores sensitive data in a database. Public and private keys are created by the operating system and they are used to protect the symmetric key. The key is used by SQL Server to encrypt sensitive data that is stored in SQL Server. The symmetric key is created during SQL Server initialization when you first start the SQL Server instance. ![]() In SQL Server, encryption keys include a combination of public, private, and symmetric keys that are used to protect sensitive data. Asymmetric keys use one password to encrypt data (called the public key) and another to decrypt data (called the private key). Symmetric keys use the same password to encrypt and decrypt data. SQL Server has two kinds of keys: symmetric and asymmetric. SQL Server uses encryption keys to help secure data, credentials, and connection information that is stored in a server database.
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